Similarities, risks and impacts on society
Introduction
The use of psychoactive substances is a global social problem. Along with well-known drugs like heroin and cannabis, cocaine and so-called research chemicals are among the most dangerous and least understood substances. While cocaine has been known as a hard drug for decades, research chemicals are becoming increasingly widespread – often under the radar of lawmakers.
Although both substances differ in origin and legal classification, they have astonishing similarities – particularly in their effects, their addictive potential and their negative consequences for human health and society.
In this article we take a detailed look at the parallels between cocaine and research chemicals , their side effects , as well as their societal impacts .
What is cocaine?
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant extracted from the leaves of the South American coca plant ( Erythroxylum coca ). In its natural form, the leaves were chewed by indigenous peoples to enhance performance. However, in its refined form (usually as a white powder), cocaine has an extremely potent effect on the central nervous system and is highly addictive.
Cocaine is typically snorted, smoked (as crack), or injected. The substance blocks the reuptake of dopamine , norepinephrine , and serotonin , resulting in an intense feeling of pleasure.
What are research chemicals?
Research chemicals , often referred to as designer drugs , legal highs or new psychoactive substances (NPS) , are synthetically produced substances that have been specifically developed to imitate the effects of established drugs such as cocaine, MDMA or LSD – but by circumventing existing drug laws.
They are mostly sold online, often under harmless-sounding names such as:
- “Bath salts”
- “Plant food”
- “Not for human consumption”
The most well-known classes of research chemicals include:
- “The best known classes of research chemicals include synthetic cathinones (e.g. mephedrone, methylone) and synthetic drugs in general
- Phenethylamines (e.g. 2C-B, 25i-NBOMe)
- Piperazines (e.g. BZP)
- Synthetic cannabinoids
Similarities between cocaine and research chemicals
Although cocaine has a plant origin and research chemicals have a synthetic origin, the overlap in effects and risks is clear:
1. Stimulation of the central nervous system
Both cocaine and many research chemicals—especially synthetic cathinones—have strong stimulating effects. Typical effects include:
- euphoria
- Increased energy and alertness
- Reduced appetite
- Increased talkativeness
In both cases, the effect can result in a state of intoxication – followed by mental exhaustion.
2. Effect on neurotransmitters
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline. Many research chemicals—particularly those from the cathinone group—have a similar biochemical effect , resulting in comparable psychoactive effects.
The result: artificially increased feelings of happiness and a high risk of addiction .
3. Highly addictive
Both substances quickly lead to psychological dependence. Users report:
- Intense cravings
- Tolerance development (you need more and more)
- Withdrawal symptoms
- Binge consumption (consumption over several days)
Both drugs are often used uncontrollably , especially in cases of emotional instability.
4. Psychological side effects ( side effects of cocaine )
Long-term use of both substances can lead to serious mental disorders:
- paranoia
- Hallucinations
- Anxiety
- aggression
- Psychoses
Research chemicals are particularly dangerous because their exact composition is often unknown and their effects can be unpredictable .
5. Physical health risks
Both cocaine and many research chemicals place a massive strain on the body, especially on the cardiovascular system:
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Risk of heart attack and stroke
- Seizures
- Overheating of the body (hyperthermia)
Combining it with alcohol or other substances can increase these risks exponentially .
Side effects of cocaine and research chemicals
Side effects of cocaine
Short term:
- Intense euphoria
- nervousness
- insomnia
- palpitations
Long term:
- Damage to the nose and mucous membranes (when consumed nasally)
- High blood pressure, strokes
- Weight loss
- Depression and exhaustion
- Dependence
Side effects of research chemicals
Short term:
- Feelings of happiness, hallucinations
- Uncontrolled muscle movements
- Panic attacks
- Aggressive behavior
Long term:
- Persistent psychoses
- Organ damage (liver, kidneys)
- Neurotoxic effects (partially irreversible)
- Deaths from overdose or mixed use
Many of the long-term side effects of RCs are not yet fully understood , which further increases the risk.
Social impacts
1. Burden on the healthcare system
Cocaine has been a factor in emergency rooms, detoxification facilities, and psychiatric hospitals for decades. Research chemicals are following this trend – often with more severe, unknown symptoms.
2. Legal and police challenges
While cocaine is clearly classified as an illegal drug, many research chemicals operate in a legal gray area . New substances appear faster than they can be regulated.
3. Disruption of families and social structures
Dependence on both substances leads to:
- Breakdown of family relationships
- Loss of job
- Increased risk of homelessness
- Crime related to procurement
Children from families affected by addiction are often at risk of becoming drug users themselves later in life.
4. Economic costs
The economic costs of drug abuse—through lost labor, medical treatment, and crime reduction—for cocaine alone amount to billions worldwide . RCs are increasingly causing similar costs, particularly in countries with inadequate awareness.
Therapy and damage limitation
Treatment of cocaine addiction
Effective approaches include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Motivational interviewing
- Self-help groups (e.g. Cocaine Anonymous)
- Research into medications to prevent relapse is ongoing
Treatment at Research Chemicals
Because many RCs have not yet been comprehensively researched, specific treatment protocols are rare. Therapy is based on:
- Acute treatment (e.g. sedation for aggression)
- Psychotherapeutic aftercare
- Inpatient detoxification and rehabilitation
Harm Reduction
Preventive measures are crucial:
- Education in schools and media
- Drug checking programs
- Anonymous counseling centers
- Availability of detox and therapy places
Conclusion
Cocaine and research chemicals may differ in origin and history—but their effects, risks, and consequences are strikingly similar . Both drugs:
- Manipulate the brain’s reward system
- Cause serious side effects
- Are associated with a high risk of addiction
- Place a massive burden on society
Particularly alarming is the rapid spread of research chemicals, whose dangers are often underestimated . Comprehensive education, legal reforms, and therapeutic services are needed to address this new wave of drug problems.
